非谓语动词
改错题
My mother often [tells] me [to not] laugh [at] others when they [are] in trouble.
答案： B → not to
翻译： 我妈妈经常告诉我不要在别人遇到困难时嘲笑他们。
思路： 动词不定式的否定形式是在 to 前面加 not，即 not to do。All the staff in our company [are] considering [to go] [to] the city [for] the fashion show.
答案： B → going
翻译： 我们公司的所有员工都在考虑去城里看时装秀。
思路： 动词 consider（考虑）后面应接动名词 doing 作宾语，不能接不定式。If you [are] the last student [to leave] the room, [remember] [turning off] the lights.
答案： D → to turn off
翻译： 如果你是最后一个离开房间的学生，记得关灯。
思路： remember to do sth. 表示“记得要去做某事”（事情还未做）；remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事”（事情已做）。根据句意，关灯是离开前要记得做的事。She [pretended] not [seeing] me when I [passed] [by].
答案： B → to see
翻译： 我经过时，她假装没看见我。
思路： 动词 pretend（假装）后面接动词不定式 to do 作宾语。His friends [appreciate] [to work] with him [because] he [has] a good sense of humor.
答案： B → working
翻译： 他的朋友们很欣赏能和他一起工作，因为他很有幽默感。
思路： 动词 appreciate（欣赏，感激）后面接动名词 doing 作宾语。She [reached] the top of the hill and [stopped] [resting] on a big rock [by] the side of the path.
答案： C → to rest
翻译： 她到达山顶后停下来，在路边的一块大石头上休息。
思路： stop to do sth. 表示“停下来（手头的事）去做另一件事”；stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事”。这里“到达山顶”和“休息”是两个动作，是先停下来，然后去休息。My uncle [said] that he couldn’t [remember] [to read] the article the day [before] yesterday.
答案： C → reading
翻译： 我叔叔说他不记得前天读过那篇文章。
思路： remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事”。叔叔不记得的是“读过”这个已经发生过的动作。The parents suggested [to sleep] in the hotel room [but] their kids [were] anxious to [camp] out.
答案： A → sleeping
翻译： 父母建议在酒店房间睡觉，但孩子们渴望露营。
思路： 动词 suggest（建议）后面接动名词 doing 作宾语。Your [hair] is too [long]. You’d [better] have it [to cut] tomorrow.
答案： D → cut
翻译： 你的头发太长了。你最好明天去理一下。
思路： 句型 have sth. done 表示“让某事被做”（请别人做或遭遇某事），其中 done 是过去分词，前面不加 to。As a result of my [laziness], I [failed] to [finished] my work [in time].
答案： C → finish
翻译： 由于我的懒惰，我没能按时完成工作。
思路： fail to do sth. 是固定搭配，to 后面接动词原形。[When] the novel [was finished], Miss Smith [suggested] [to send] it to the Oxford Press.
答案： D → sending
翻译： 小说写完后，史密斯小姐建议把它寄给牛津大学出版社。
思路： 动词 suggest（建议）后面接动名词 doing 作宾语。[Having finished] her project, she [was invited] [by] the school [speak] to the new students.
答案： D → to speak
翻译： 完成她的项目后，她被学校邀请去给新生做演讲。
思路： 她被邀请去“做”演讲，invite sb. to do sth. 的被动形式是 sb. be invited to do sth.。[In order to] [get to] Peter’s house easily,I [had] his secretary [drawn] a map for me.
答案： D → draw
翻译： 为了容易找到彼得家，我让他的秘书给我画了一张地图。
思路： 句型 have sb. do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”，sb. 和 do 是主动关系，用动词原形。The old man, [have worked] in the city for forty years, [is] [on] the way [back to] his village.
答案： A → having worked
翻译： 这位在城里工作了四十年的老人，正在回他村庄的路上。
思路： 这里是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是 the old man，他与“工作”是主动关系，且“工作”发生在谓语“is”之前，故用现在分词的完成式 having done。The tourists [have] nothing [to do] but [to take] [pictures] of each other.
答案： C → take
翻译： 游客们无事可做，只能互相拍照。
思路： 在 do nothing but 或 have nothing to do but 后，接动词原形。Would you consider [to give] her [another] five minutes [before] [giving up] waiting for her?
答案： A → giving
翻译： 你考虑过在放弃等她之前再给她五分钟吗？
思路： 动词 consider（考虑）后面接动名词 doing 作宾语。I [am going] to [have my letter type] tomorrow if [I’ve got] everything [ready] by then.
答案： B → have my letter typed
翻译： 如果到时候我把一切都准备好了，我明天就去把信打了（请人打字）。
思路： 这里表示“让信被打印”，应用 have sth. done 结构，typed 是过去分词。The student [corrected] his paper [carefully], [followed] the professor’s [suggestions].
答案： C → following
翻译： 学生按照教授的建议仔细修改了他的论文。
思路： 句子主语是 the student，他“遵循”建议，是主动动作，故用现在分词 following 作伴随状语。[Giving] more attention, the trees [could] [have grown] [better].
答案： A → Given
翻译： 如果被给予更多关注，这些树本来可以长得更好。
思路： 句子主语是 the trees，它们与“给予”是被动关系，故用过去分词 Given 表示条件。You [smash] up my car, [and then] expects me [paying] for the [repairs].
答案： C → to pay
翻译： 你撞坏了我的车，然后还指望我来付修理费。
思路： expect sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配。[Arriving] at the railway station, we [had] a break, only [finding] the train [had left].
答案： C → to find
翻译： 到达火车站后，我们休息了一下，结果却发现火车已经开走了。
思路： only to do 用作结果状语，常表示一个出乎意料的、令人失望的结果。[With] the boy [leading] the way, we [had] no trouble [find] the way to lead to Zhongshan Park.
答案： D → (in) finding
翻译： 由那个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了去中山公园的路。
思路： have no trouble (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，in 可以省略。The local [health] organization is believed to [be set up] thirty years ago [when] George became the first [president].
答案： B → have been set up
翻译： 据信，这个当地的卫生组织是三十年前成立的，当时乔治成为了第一任主席。
思路： 组织是“被成立”，且动作发生在三十年前，在谓语 is believed 之前，故用不定式的完成被动式 to have been done。If you [wave] your book in front of your face, you [can feel] the air [moved] [against] your face.
答案： C → moving
翻译： 如果你在面前扇动书本，你能感觉到空气拂过你的脸。
思路： 空气是“移动”这个动作的发出者，是主动关系，故用现在分词 moving 作宾语补足语。[Having not] [finished] his homework, he had [to stay] home [at] the weekend.
答案： A → Not having
翻译： 由于没有完成作业，他周末不得不呆在家里。
思路： 现在分词的否定形式是将 not 放在分词之前。[Have] no money but [not wanting] anyone to know, he [simply] said he would go [without] dinner.
答案： A → Having
翻译： 他没有钱，但又不想让任何人知道，所以他只是说他不吃晚饭了。
思路： 句子主语是 he，他“没有钱”，是主动关系，且此状态与“不想让人知道”同时存在，作原因状语，用现在分词 Having。[Being bitten] twice, the postman refuse [to deliver] our letters [unless] we [chained] our dog.
答案： A → Bitten / Having been bitten
翻译： 被咬了两次之后，邮递员拒绝给我们送信，除非我们把狗拴起来。
思路： 句子主语是 the postman，他与“咬”是被动关系。过去分词 Bitten 本身可表被动和完成。为强调先后顺序，也可用 Having been bitten。My sister’s professor [had] her [to rewrite] paper many times before [allowing] her to [present] it.
答案： B → rewrite
翻译： 我姐姐的教授让她把论文重写了很多次，才允许她提交。
思路： have sb. do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”，用动词原形。[Weather] [permitted], we [will go] out [for] a walk.
答案： A → Weather permitting
翻译： 如果天气允许，我们会出去散步。
思路： 这是独立主格结构，Weather 是 permitting 的逻辑主语，表示主动，用现在分词。Jane [always] enjoys [listen to] popular [music] at home [on] Friday evenings.
答案： B → listening to
翻译： 简总是喜欢在周五晚上在家听流行音乐。
思路： 动词 enjoy（喜欢）后面接动名词 doing 作宾语。My wife said in [her] letter that she would [appreciate] [to hear] [from] you sometimes.
答案： C → hearing
翻译： 我妻子在信里说，她会很高兴有时能收到你的来信。
思路： 动词 appreciate（感激，欣赏）后面接动名词 doing 作宾语。Today is September [the tenth]. Happy [Teachers’ Day] to you. Thank you for [teach] us [so well].
答案： C → teaching
翻译： 今天是九月十号。祝您教师节快乐。谢谢您教我们教得这么好。
思路： 介词 for 后面接动名词 doing 作宾语。[It] took fifteen minutes for her [realize] that she [had spelled] my name [incorrectly].
答案： B → to realize
翻译： 她花了十五分钟才意识到她拼错了我的名字。
思路： It takes (time) for sb. to do sth. 是固定句型。[I’m afraid] that I have to stop [to talk] with you [because] I have to go to [the doctor’s] for my toothache.
答案： B → talking
翻译： 恐怕我不得不停止和你谈话了，因为我牙疼得去看医生。
思路： stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事”。这里“谈话”是正在进行的动作，需要停止。[If] carefully [doing], the experiments [will] be [successful].
答案： B → done
翻译： 如果做得仔细，实验将会成功。
思路： 句子主语是 the experiments，它们与“做”是被动关系，故用过去分词 done 表示条件。
汉译英
我们不应该花太多时间玩电脑游戏。
We should not spend too much time playing computer games.
昨晚，我忘记问他电话号码了。
Last night, I forgot to ask him for his phone number.
他喜欢看电视。(enjoy)
He enjoys watching TV.他们发现他们的新自行车被偷了。
They found their new bike stolen.Alice打算再买个新包。(mean)
Alice means to buy another new bag.努力工作对我们来说很重要。
It is important for us to work hard. / Working hard is important for us.他宁愿死也不愿娶她。
He would rather die than marry her.你现在别无选择只能去为你的生活去奋斗。
You have no choice but to fight for your life now.他感到很失望，所以他决定去死。
Feeling very disappointed, he decided to die.
为了不嫁给他，她去了美国。
In order not to marry him, she went to the United States.
虚拟语气
改错题
It is important that we [would close] the window before we leave.
答案： C → should close / close
翻译： 我们在离开前关窗是很重要的。
思路： 在 It is important that … 句型中，从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为 (should) + 动词原形。I didn’t know(A) his telephone number(B) , otherwise© I would telephone(D) him.
答案：D → would have telephoned
翻译：我当时不知道他的电话号码，否则我就给他打电话了。
思路："otherwise"引导的是与过去事实相反的隐含虚拟条件句。主句动作发生在过去，应用"would have done"结构。If I [was] you,I would [accept] the invitation and go [to] the party.
答案： B → were
翻译： 如果我是你，我会接受邀请去参加派对。
思路： 在虚拟语气中，无论主语是第几人称，be 动词一律用 were。If I [had] wings, I [will] fly [back] to my hometown as [soon] as possible.
答案： B → would
翻译： 如果我有翅膀，我会尽快飞回家乡。
思路： 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用 would/could/might + 动词原形。If it [would] had rained [another] ten minutes, the game [would] have been [called] off.
答案： A → had
翻译： 如果当时雨再多下十分钟，比赛就会被取消了。
思路： 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用 had done。It is time that we [sum] up [our] results.
答案： C → summed
翻译： 是我们总结成果的时候了。
思路： It is (high/about) time that … 句型中，从句谓语用动词的过去式，表示虚拟。He [suggested] that [the] work [would] be started [at] once.
答案： C → should / （省略）
翻译： 他建议这项工作应该立即开始。
思路： 动词 suggest（建议）后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为 (should) + 动词原形。[Weren’t it] for the [expense],I [would go] abroad [now].
答案： A → Were it not
翻译： 要不是因为费用问题，我现在就出国了。
思路： 这是省略 if 的虚拟条件句，将 were 提前构成倒装。正确形式是 Were it not for…。[If] [were I] in your position,I [would] help [him].
答案： B → I were
翻译： 如果我处在你的位置，我会帮助他。
思路： 虚拟条件句的倒装是：Were/Had/Should + 主语。原句 If were I 是错误的，应为 If I were 或倒装形式 Were I。It is important [that] I [spoke] with Mr Williams [immediately].
答案： C → should speak / speak
翻译： 我立即和威廉姆斯先生谈谈很重要。
思路： 在 It is important that … 句型中，从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为 (should) + 动词原形。If the doctor [were] available, the [child] would not [have] died.
答案： D → have (此句考查混合虚拟，主句时间与从句时间不一致。从句指现在“医生在”，主句指过去“孩子不会死”。主句应用 would not have died)
翻译： 如果医生现在在（当时在），孩子就不会死了。
思路： 混合虚拟语气。从句是对现在情况的假设（医生不在），主句是对过去结果的假设（孩子死了），故主句用 would have done。原句 would not have died 是正确的，所以此句可能无错误。需要看题目具体判断。如果 have 被标记为错误，则是误判。I recommended [that] the student [finished] writing [his] composition as [soon] as possible.
答案： B → should finish / finish
翻译： 我建议那个学生尽快写完他的作文。
思路： 动词 recommend（建议）后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为 (should) + 动词原形。[Without] your [help], our team [wouldn’t win] the [last] match.
答案： C → wouldn’t have won
翻译： 如果没有你的帮助，我们队就不会赢得上一场比赛。
思路： Without your help 相当于一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句应用 would have done。It would [save] him [much] trouble if he [has] known her telephone [number].
答案： C → had
翻译： 如果他当时知道她的电话号码，就会省去他很多麻烦。
思路： 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用 had done。[If had] I known [what] was going to happen, I [would] never have left her [alone].
答案： A → Had
翻译： 如果我当时知道会发生什么，我绝不会把她一个人留下。
思路： 省略 if 的虚拟条件句，将 had 提前构成倒装。If had I known 是错误的，应为 Had I known。The teacher agreed [to] the suggestion [that] the students [was given] two weeks to prepare [for].
答案： C → be given / should be given
翻译： 老师同意了给学生两周时间准备的建议。
思路： 名词 suggestion 后面的同位语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为 (should) + 动词原形。学生是“被给予”时间，用被动语态。The law requires [that] everyone [has] his car checked [at] least once a year.
答案： C → have / should have
翻译： 法律要求每个人的车每年至少检查一次。
思路： 动词 require（要求）后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为 (should) + 动词原形。I [wish] I [was] able to [tell] him all about it [last] night.
答案： B → had been
翻译： 我真希望昨晚我能把一切都告诉他。
思路： wish 后接宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用 had done。He demanded [that] the laboratory report [must] be written immediately [after] the experiment [was] done.
答案： B → （省略） / should be
翻译： 他要求实验一做完就立即写实验报告。
思路： 动词 demand（要求）后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为 (should) + 动词原形。must 与虚拟语气冲突，应去掉。[If] he [listened] to the teacher attentively, he [would know] the answer [to] the problem now.
答案：B → had listened
翻译：如果他当时认真听老师讲了，现在就知道这个问题的答案了。
思路：这是混合虚拟语气。条件句描述过去的情况（没认真听），应用"had listened"；主句描述现在的结果（不知道答案），"would know"是正确的。
汉译英
要是当初我听你的劝告就好了。
If only I had taken your advice. / I wish I had taken your advice.如果他昨天听从了我的建议，他就不会在实验中失败了。
If he had taken my advice yesterday, he would not have failed in the experiment.
你本该早点到这里的。
You should have arrived here earlier.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I would rather you had seen the film yesterday.他建议我们听老师的建议。
He suggested that we (should) follow the teacher’s advice.他说起话来好像曾经出过国似的。
He talks as if he had been abroad.她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
She walked lightly for fear that she (should) wake up her roommate.我该上床睡了。
It is (high) time that I went to bed. / It is time for me to go to bed.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。
I wish I knew everything in the world.要不是你的帮助，我们不会成功的。
Without your help, we would not have succeeded. / If it had not been for your help, we would not have succeeded.
二轮复习练习题---非谓语动词、虚拟语气2
https://halo.loveyouryu.top/archives/word2
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